Craig T. Owens

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We have to be very attentive when we hear anyone say something that they claim is a word from God. The first question we need to ask is, “Is that in the Bible?” If it is, then the next question is, “Is that statement being used in its proper context—does it conform with the whole counsel of God’s Word?” 

So here is statement #14 in our series—An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. Is that in the Bible? Yes.  

This first shows up in Exodus 21:24, and it is a part of the legal code God gave through Moses (Exodus 21:1). This code was entrusted to capable men (i.e. judges) in Exodus 18:19-22, 25. 

(Check out all of the Scriptures I reference in this post here.) 

This has been referred to as “the law of exact retribution.” Later on the Romans would name it lex talionis—the law of the tooth. This was to prevent one-upmanship or escalating retaliation, and it also applied to false witnesses who were trying to get someone else in trouble (Deuteronomy 19:15-21). 

By the time of Jesus, this legal maxim was so well known that when Jesus quoted it to His audience, everyone knew what it meant (Matthew 5:38). 

One of the most innate responses that we humans have to threats or to an attack is fight-or-flight. 

In this case, flight would be sweeping it under the run or pretending it didn’t happen. But it did happen, and there is a sense of justice in us that wants to see retribution. If this offense isn’t acknowledged and dealt with appropriately, the desire for retribution will allow unforgiveness to fester. This shows up in all sort of negative ways—physically and emotionally—and often there is a breaking point where the injured party lashes out. 

Fight would be taking the law into our own hands. I want everyone to know that I was wronged by you, and I want you to suffer more than you made me suffer. But the first time this law is given, God calls for precise compensation (Exodus 21:22-25). 

God’s means for carrying our the lex talionis today is exactly the same—a legal code administered by trained judges (Romans 13:1-4). 

This is the law of the land—the natural law—but Jesus calls on us to respond supernaturally. Not to be the judge or jury, but to remember that God perfectly judges and vindicates (Luke 8:17; Deuteronomy 32:35). 

Jesus continually calls us forego the natural reaction for the supernatural response. Notice the repeated pattern of, “You have heard that it was said” and then, “But I tell you…” in Matthew 5:21-22, 27-28, 31-32, 33-37, 43-44 and specifically vv. 38-42. 

If our eyes are on the one who injured us, our eyes are off of the only One who can vindicate and heal us (Romans 12:17-21). 

Natural people merely react out of innate instinct. Supernatural people are able to respond with Christlike love. 

Don’t give in to the merely natural reaction, but submit to the Holy Spirit who can help you respond supernaturally. 

Check out all of the other topics we have covered in our “Is that in the Bible?” series. 

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